Growing Almond Mamra tree is a tree with a habit of spore bearing and its fertility is incompatible with other similar cultivars. Its fruiting time is usually one year. The origin of this species is in Iran / Kurdistan. Mamra almonds in Iran have strong and relatively large growth and their fruit skin is hard.
Growing Almond Mamra Almond leaves appear in newly formed shoots in spring. Leaves are lanceolate, slender, elongated and slightly curved, depending on the genotype with smooth or jagged edges. The flowers are white or pink in color and appear in the spring before the buds open and give a beautiful view to the tree. Each flower contains 2 sepals, 2 petals and 2 to 4 flags. Its ovary is a shaft and contains two eggs and its shaft is green and covered with numerous cracks. Usually one of the two eggs does not continue to grow in the ovary, so there is a seed inside the fruit. In some cases, both eggs may develop and produce two seeds or brains inside the fruit. The almond brain is covered in a thin layer of light brown color and contains two large, white, translucent and oil-bearing cotyledons. The height of the tree reaches 2–3 m (although in our country almonds, which are often dry and slow-growing, rarely reach this height). Mamra almond is relatively resistant to late spring cold due to its late flowering.
The flowering time of Irani Mamra is long and so is late flowering.
Characteristics of cultivated soil
Mamra almond seedlings should be planted in well-drained soil. They grow in a variety of soil types and can be planted in sandy, loamy or clayey soils. Trees will grow best in soils with a pH of about 1.5%, although they also tolerate acidic, neutral and alkaline pH levels. Also, because of the vertical motion of the almond root, the soil should have a proper depth.
Growth environmental conditions
Mamra almond seedlings require a cold winter season for proper germination. The cold requirement varies from 100 to 700 hours depending on the temperature below 2.7 ° C. The almond tree is well tolerated in the winter cold and tolerates up to -20 ° C. If the weather cools down gradually, it is more tolerant of winter cold. Cold resistance is closely related to bud adaptation and high content of oligosaccharides. After dormancy, oligosaccharides decrease as a result of division by chromosomal degradation (meiosis) in pollen sacs inside the flower buds, resulting in reduced resistance to cold buds, leading to ovarian and flagella damage. The worst case is when the cold comes after a warm and humid period. The resistance to cold throughout the flower depends on its type. For areas where there is spring cold, the types of seeds that bloom later are best suited. In general, humid weather is not good for
the almond tree and dry weather gives the best results. The south slope is the best place to grow almonds. In terms of light intensity, almonds are usually grown in places where this limitation does not exist. Research has shown that low light intensity disrupts tree growth and makes the fruit harder inside. The best time to plant almonds in late autumn is after the fall of the leaves. In places with very cold winters, planting is done in late winter or early spring.
Irrigation requirement
One hectare of fertile Mamra almonds in Iran requires between 6000 and 8000 cubic meters of water per year. In dryland almond cultivation, it should be noted that in areas where annual rainfall is below 400 milliliters, dryland cultivation is high risk. Generally, irrigation of Mamra almonds seedlings will be required once a week during the first year after planting. Irrigation decreases every two to four weeks in subsequent years. Irrigation adjustment will be necessary to prevent the roots from drowning in water and allow the soil to dry.
Rabi and white almonds are among the pollinators used for this purpose.
Planting intervals
In most almond orchards, saplings are planted in a square shape. The distance between the rows and the distance between the trees is taken as a standard of 6*6 or 7*7. After preparing the soil including plows and discs and if necessary leveling and fertilizing organic and chemical fertilizers, the location of tree planting on the rows is determined and digged. Digging a planting pit should be about two times deeper and wider than the root density of the seedlings because Mamra almonds in Iran have a strong and vertical rooting system that allows the plant to grow well even under adverse soil conditions and with little moisture. And continue to live. Before planting a Mamra seedling, it is necessary to pour some high quality soil into the bottom of
the pit and then place the roots of the young seedling on the fresh soil and cover it with the surrounding soil in such a way that the crown site is located at the soil surface and the transplant site outside the soil. That is, the soil around the seedlings should be compacted immediately after planting so that the roots attach to the soil well. Almond seedlings should be planted so that the bud is located southwest of the tree, which can prevent sunburn.
Investigation of pests and diseases
There is a fungal infection for almond tree cultivars. During this infection, the almond tree turns brown and turns upwards. If such symptoms occur, the infected leaves should be removed immediately and removed from the almond tree. Burning these leaves is also a good idea to prevent the growth of fungi. Fallen leaves should also be collected around the tree. Also to control fungal infection, almond tree should be sprayed with borax. This method is very suitable for the treatment of fungi.
Remember that the shelf life of Mamra almond in Iran is 35 to 45 years.
How to prune
Short and regular pruning of the almond tree is beneficial, and its incorrect implementation causes many risks and drawbacks. Improper pruning can lead to the destruction of the almond tree. It is best to seek professional help for its pruning. Features of Mamra Almond in Iran is famous in the world.